France’s chemical giant

DrumheadIn 1995 Fisons plc was acquired by Pennsylvania-based Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc. , in bend entirely owned by France ‘s chemical giant Rhone-Poulenc S.A. Though its position among the universe ‘s pharmaceutical companies was later subsumed in beds of corporate ownership, Fisons had boasted a history of more than 300 old ages in concern before its dismantlement. Founded as a flour factory in the late eighteenth century, it rapidly developed into one of the universe ‘s largest fertiliser manufacturers. As the fertiliser market matured into a low-profit trade good over the class of the twentieth century, the company diversified into horticultural merchandises, pharmaceuticals, and scientific instruments. In the mid-1980s, Fisons divested its fertiliser involvements to concentrate on the extremely profitable medical side of the concern. By 1993 the company was the universe ‘s third-largest maker of scientific instruments and ranked among the universe ‘ s 60 largest pharmaceutical concerns. Fisons ‘ weak research and development attempts and unequal selling attempts, nevertheless, led to one-year losingss and a steep diminution in its stock monetary value mid-decade. The British company tried to contend off the progresss of its Franco-American rival, but relinquished ownership in the autumn of 1995. Fisons plc began as a flour factory and bakeshop founded by James Fisons in Barningham, England, in the late eighteenth century. In 1789 a boy, besides named James, started a maltings concern that expanded into Stowmarket and Thetford, two river towns that helped the household concerns expand. James Fison and Sons was formed in 1808, and by 1840 the house was entering & A ; lb ; 100,000 in one-year gross revenues. Subsequently that decennary, the household entered the underdeveloped field of fertilisers and moved the concern ‘s central office to Ipswich. Within a few old ages, Fisons had built a manure plant and was bring forthing its ain sulphuric acid. As fertilisers became the company ‘s primary concern, pesticides based on sulfurs were added to the merchandise mix. In 1895 the company was split into two parts: James Fison and Sons and Joseph Fison and Co. During World War I, Fisons helped do explosives, but the company returned to fertilizer by the terminal of the war to buoy dwindling nutrient production. When fertiliser monetary values plunged after the war, the two Fison companies, along with two others with which they had late merged, were reunited to organize Fison, Packard, Prentice and Co. ( Fisons ) in 1929. During the 1930s, Fisons began to spread out through acquisitions. The company ‘s most important add-on was the Anglo-Continental Guano Works Ltd. , which doubled the size of Fisons. Anglo-Continental was a budding pudding stone with a pharmaceutical subordinate, Genatosan ; Fisons was therefore brought into that moneymaking market. Fisons ‘ acquisitions continued throughout the 1930s, and by 1939, with 39 subordinates, it was the largest fertiliser company in Great Britain. During World War II Fisons felt the force per unit area of both a manpower deficit and increased demand for fertilisers. Some of the company ‘s fabrication workss were bombed every bit good. The company name was shortened to Fisons Ltd. for marketing lucidity in 1942, and it emerged from the war with about two-thirds of Great Britain ‘s fertiliser market. Fisons made more acquisitions after the war ‘s terminal, first buying Wiffen and Son, a all right chemicals maker. The new subordinate became portion of Fisons ‘s chemicals and biologicals division, headed by Genatosan. The Wiffen acquisition included the Loughborough Glass Company, which would subsequently develop into Fisons ‘s Scientific Equipment division. The purchase of Pest Control Limited during the 1950s brought Fisons into agrochemicals, a market that was closely related to the fertiliser concern. Fisons hoped to capitalise on the two Fieldss ‘ common research, development, and distribution methods. In 1968 research workers at Genatosan discovered disodium cromoglycate ( DSCG ) , which was developed as the branded anti-allergenic Intal. The drug differed from its rivals because it was a contraceptive, whereas others were taken after the oncoming of allergic symptoms. Intal gross revenues boosted the pharmaceutical division ‘s net incomes from & A ; lb ; 1.14 million in 1968 to & A ; lb ; 2.43 million in 1970 and & A ; lb ; 5.6 million in 1973. By 1971 Fisons had organized its many subordinates into four divisions: Fertilizers, Agrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals, and Scientific Equipment. The company developed these primary concerns through acquisitions every bit good as merchandise and market enlargement. Acquisitions were focused geographically in Europe, Australia, and the United States. Fertilizers contributed 50 per centum of the pudding stone ‘s one-year gross revenues at that clip, and Fisons fought to keep a competitory border in Great Britain ‘s fertiliser market: 80 per centum of the division ‘s gross revenues were in its place state. However, the supply side of this division was hamstrung, since its primary ammonium hydroxide provider was besides its primary rival, Imperial Chemical Industries plc. During the first half of the 1970s, Fisons tried to rectify this state of affairs by increasing its majority purchasing in planetary markets, particularly sponsoring Morocco. Morocco increased its monetary values six-fold in 1973, though, and other providers rapidly followed suit. At the same clip, U.K. monetary value controls held fertiliser monetary values below the universe market monetary value for ammonium hydroxide, efficaciously extinguishing Fisons ‘s fertiliser net incomes. Fisons ‘s Agrochemicals group besides ran into problem during the seventiess, when it lost a valuable client, Ciba-Geigy Ltd. Fisons tried to back up this group by increasing capital investings, particularly in the United States. The company besides boosted research and development financess, but since most of this division ‘s attempts focused on making replacements for merchandises that were already on the market, Fisons lacked a strong merchandising suit. During the 1970s, anti-allergens comprised between 60 and 70 per centum of the Pharmaceutical division ‘s gross revenues, but Intal had merely captured 6.1 per centum of the anti-allergy market, which was led by Glaxo ‘s Ventolin. After a decennary of research, the division was covering a serious blow when Fisons decided non to market its new drug, Proxicromil, a replacement to Intal, because it was found to do malignant neoplastic disease in animate beings. With Intal ‘s unrenewable patents set to run out in 1982, the Pharmaceutical division ‘s chances were non good. In 1972 the Scientific Equipment Division was spun off from the Pharmaceutical division, and acquisitions in Germany and Australia, every bit good as the purchase of Britain ‘s Gallenkamp, helped Fisons go Great Britain ‘s top scientific equipment maker. Many of Gallenkamp ‘s contracts were with the authorities, universities, and infirmaries, nevertheless, many of which cut their outgos in the recessive 1970s. Fisons ‘s Horticulture division was separated from the Agrochemical division in 1977. It produced and marketed amateur and professional horticulture merchandises, and its strengths were in peat-based merchandises, particularly the popular and well-established Fisons Gro-Bags — self-contained, nutritionally balanced dirt pokes. The peat operations were extended with a new works in Yorkshire and the acquisition of Howlett ‘s, a company with peat militias in Cumbria and Scotland. Although it was a new focal point for Fisons, gardening was really one of the company ‘s most unafraid concerns by the terminal of the seventiess. It was vertically incorporate and held commanding portions of the markets in which it operated: 50 per centum of the lawn fertiliser market ; 20 per centum of the solid fertiliser market ; 30 per centum of the peat market ; and 12 per centum of Great Britain ‘s weed and pest control concern. Throughout the 1970s, Fisons had gone into debt to do a cloudy reorganisation and shore up up its historical focal point — fertilisers — merely as competition and planetary consolidation in this market eroded net incomes. At the same clip, high involvement rates and rising prices dug into the net incomes Fisons managed to gain through its other operations. By 1980 Fisons ‘s chances looked dim. The Fertilizers division was runing at a loss ; Agrochemicals could non trust to vie with the research and development spendings of bigger rivals ; the Scientific Equipment division was enduring from authorities cutbacks ; gardening was a little, developing concern ; and the Pharmaceuticals division, a primary profit-maker, had all of a sudden lost its lone long-run growing merchandise. Fisons was on the brink of bankruptcy. John Kerridge was promoted to main executive officer ( CEO ) from executive manager in mid-1980 and given the undertaking of change by reversaling Fisons ‘ downward spiral. He began the reformation by cutting costs, shuting down four production units and three farms in the Fertilizer division, so extinguishing more than 1,000 places in the group. Fisons ‘s corporate central offices were moved from high-rent London back to Ipswich, and economizations were made in the Scientific Equipment division every bit good. Kerridge ‘s most cardinal alteration was the sale of the Fertilizer division to Norsk Hydro a.s. in 1982 for & A ; lb ; 59 million. The divestment was a extremist alteration for Fisons and involved the disposal of what had been the foundation of the company for more than a century, every bit good as the division with the most gross revenues. The troublesome Agrochemicals division was sold the undermentioned twelvemonth to Schering A.G. for & A ; lb ; 60 milli on. These divestments left Fisons with three primary concerns: Pharmaceuticals, Horticulture, and Scientific Equipment. The pharmaceutical group was expanded with the 1980 purchase of Great Britain ‘s Charnwood Pharmaceuticals, Australia ‘s Orbit Chemical Pty. Ltd. in 1982, and Italy ‘s Intersint in 1983. Great Britain ‘s Weddel Pharmaceutical was acquired in 1983 and merged with Charnwood, which would specialise in generic drugs. Fisons ‘s Horticultural operations grew geographically through a joint venture with Canada ‘s Western Peat Moss in 1980, and the acquisition of Langley Peat North Ltd. of Alberta in 1983. These purchases gave Fisons entree to big peat supplies and the North American market. The British operations were supplanted with the acquisition of Webb and Bees seed operations from Shell Holdings ( U.K. ) Ltd. in the early 1980s. The Scientific Equipment division grew through the add-on of Watson Victor, a New Zealand distributer of research lab equipment, in 1982. Haake-Butler Instruments, of which Fisons owned 67 per centum, was later founded in the United States. Overall, Kerridge ‘s cardinal alterations improved Fisons ‘s balance sheet dramatically ; the corporation went from doing one-year involvement payments of & A ; lb ; 13 million in 1980 to holding no net adoptions in 1983. Fisons was even unafraid plenty to do a successful stock offer of & A ; lb ; 28 million that twelvemonth. The Pharmaceutical division ‘s continued heavy research and development outgos resulted in two new drugs: DSCG-based Opticrom, released in 1984, and Tilade, a new asthma intervention, introduced in 1986. This division acquired Laboratorios Caesen, of Spain, in 1984, and Bracco de Mexico in 1986. Kerridge was made president in 1984, and he clarified the scheme he had been utilizing to turn Fisons around: â€Å" We wish to run in industries of built-in attraction, which have potency for growing and a record of profitableness of successful participants, [ and ] we wish to be in clearly defined concern sections where Fisons can moderately draw a bead on to being an effectual rival by virtuousness of its size and its fiscal and managerial resources. † The company would no longer run on the peripheries of its chosen markets, as it had in the seventiess. For illustration, Fisons concentrated on the gardening and scientific equipment markets, which were non yet consolidated or dominated by a individual powerful company. Fisons hoped to be that company. Fisons burst onto the U.S. market for scientific equipment, which was place to 40 per centum of the universe ‘s research activity, with the acquisition of Curtin Matheson Scientific Inc. ( CMS ) in 1984. CMS was the second-largest distributer of scientific equipment in the United States. Fisons besides purchased United Diagnostics Inc. and Pacific Hemostasis Laboratories Inc. , which were combined with CMS to give the latter fabrication capacity. By the beginning of 1985, Fisons ‘ Scientific division was the third-largest organisation of its type in the universe and the largest outside the United States. Fisons continued to turn, geting in 1985 Murphy Chemical, which helped widen the Horticulture division ‘s portfolio of merchandises, extend selling in Europe and North America, and shore up Fisons ‘s peat supplies. Subsequently in the decennary, the Horticulture division would sell its 50 per centum portion of Asef-Fison B.V. to its joint-venture spouse, DSM Agro Specialties B.V. In 1986 Fisons bought Applied Research Laboratories, a taking maker of scientific equipment with planetary selling capacity, and two old ages later it purchased Union Scientific Limited, a Hong Kong company. Several of import acquisitions were besides made by the Pharmaceutical division in the late eightiess. Italchimici SpA, an Italian house, and Pennwalt Corporation ‘s pharmaceutical division, a U.S. maker of ethical and nonprescription drugs, were purchased in 1988. A Gallic company, Gerbitol S.A. , brought expertness in cardiovascular medical specialty, antibiotics, and dietetic addendums to the division in 1989. In all, with the aid of its important 1980s acquisitions, Fisons ‘s pre-tax net incomes increased by an norm of 56 per centum per twelvemonth to & A ; lb ; 230 million ( US $ 410 million ) . The corporation ‘s market capitalisation rose from & A ; lb ; 40 million in 1980 to & A ; lb ; 3 billion in 1990. The 1990 purchase of VG Instruments, a maker of mass spectrometers and surface analysis instruments, more than doubled Fisons ‘ end product of analytical instruments and catapulted the Scientific Equipment division to the figure three topographic point in the planetary market place. It looked as if Fisons had launched its 2nd back-to-back decennary of growing and prosperity. By the terminal of 1991, nevertheless, it was clear that jobs in the Pharmaceutical division had dragged the full company down. Late that twelvemonth, Fisons revealed that two of its of import new drugs, Opticrom for hay febrility and Imferon for anaemia, had been recalled from the U.S. market after the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) denied blessing of the company ‘s British mills. Harmonizing to a 1992 Economist article, the FDA ‘s everyday cheque of Fisons ‘ U.K. mill revealed warehouses with holes in their outside walls ; hapless record maintaining ; and â€Å" the possibility of gnawer, insect or avian activity in the [ conveyance ] containers. † Fisons ‘s pre-tax net incomes for 1991 dropped 17 per centum to & A ; lb ; 190 million, and the company faced needed investings of more than & A ; lb ; 25 million to convey its British mill up to U.S. criterions. John Kerridge resigned â€Å" on wellness evidences † in mid-January 1992 and was temporarily replaced by Patrick Egan. In April of that twelvemonth, Egan became president, while Cedric Scroggs was selected as main executive officer. The new leaders decided to sharpen Fisons ‘ focal point on pharmaceuticals and scientific equipment by depriving its OTC drug and horticultural concerns. In November 1992, Fisons agreed to sell its North American OTC drug operations to Swiss drug concern Ciba-Geigy Ltd. for & A ; lb ; 92 million ( US $ 60.3 million ) . This section represented about 50 per centum of Fisons ‘s planetary consumer wellness division gross revenues and 40 per centum of that group ‘s net incomes. Egan and Scroggs recognized that the British company lacked the resources and marketing influence necessary to vie in the American consumer drug market. Fisons ‘s new direction forged a joint development and selling understanding with Allergan Inc. , a U.S. ocular company, early in 1993. The agreement called for Fisons ‘ 400 U.S. sales representative to co-market Allergan ‘s ocular drug Acular. The U.S. company ‘s gross revenues force, in bend, would assist market Fisons ‘ ocular intervention Opticrom. The agreement presumed that Opticrom would be re-registered by the FDA. By early 1993, Fisons had made important betterments in its Opticrom mill, but new FDA reviews had still non resulted in blessing tardily in the twelvemonth. Fisons suffered yet another reverse when it suspended development of an asthma medical specialty, tipredane. The company had been banking on the new drug to bolster its core respiratory concern in the late ninetiess. Tipredane had been licensed by Fisons from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and was in the thick of unsuccessful clinical tests in more than a twelve states. The failure of tipredane left Fisons with merely one new drug, remacemide — an epilepsy intervention — in development. In May 1993 Fisons sold its North American gardening concern to a pool led by Macluan Capital Corp. of Vancouver for US $ 60 million in hard currency and used the returns to cut down its debt. Fisons besides planned to sell the balance of its Horticulture division every bit shortly as an chance arose. In July the company sold its consumer wellness merchandises concern in Australia and New Zealand to Warner-Lambert for about US $ 23 million. The sale included the Rosken line of curative skin-care merchandises. Despite Fisons ‘s early 1990s attempts to bolster its pharmaceutical concern, some analysts insisted that the company had neither the research and development strength nor the selling clout necessary to vie in an ethical pharmaceutical concern that demanded frequent find of advanced medical specialties. Industry perceivers anticipated an at hand amalgamation or coup d'etat for Fisons. Those outlooks intensified as Fisons ‘ portion monetary value declined from & A ; lb ; 2.45 in mid-1992 to & A ; lb ; 1.13 by the terminal of 1993. Over the class of the latter twelvemonth, the company ‘s scientific instruments division went & A ; lb ; 16 million into the ruddy. CEO Cedric Scroggs was fired that December, Finance Director Roy Thomas took early ( and presumptively nonvoluntary ) retirement, and Stuart Wallis took the helm of the beat-up house. Throughout the 18 months, Wallis made a valorous and moderately successful attempt to bolster Fisons ‘ stock monetary value. Though the company suffered a loss on 1994, a major reorganisation and divestment plan eliminated at least 1,000 occupations, cut costs, and helped the house ‘s stock monetary value rebound about 75 per centum to & A ; lb ; 1.93 by mid-August 1995. That addition was non plenty to forestall Franco-American rival Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc. ( R-PR ) from doing a hostile & A ; lb ; 1.7 billion ( US $ 2.6 billion ) command for control of Fisons on August 18th. Though some analysts thought the offering monetary value, at 16.7 times expected net grosss, was excessively high, CEO Wallis complained to Chemical Marketing Reporter that the monetary value â€Å" significantly undervalues Fisons. † The British company backed up that averment when it reported a 40 per centum addition in net income, to & A ; lb ; 48.6 million, for the first half of 1995. That happy intelligence helped progress the house ‘s stock to & A ; lb ; 2.60 by the terminal of September. In October, R-PR upped its command of & A ; lb ; 2.65 per portion, or US $ 2.9 billion. Unable to happen a more amicable suer, Fisons accepted the coup d'etat that month. Though the British house and its many subordinates around the universe continued to be listed among R-PR ‘s operations through 1996, it shortly became clear that the tri-centenarian entity would finally discontinue to be. Over the class of 1996 and 1997, R-PR slashed about 3,000 excess occupations in the United States and Great Britain, divested several Fisons divisions ( including the scientific instruments concern ) , and discontinued many of the subsumed company ‘s pharmaceutical research and development plans. For its about US $ 3 billion, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer got an main course into the US $ 15 billion and turning respiratory drug market, or more specifically, the respiratory drug bringing section. At the clip of its purchase, Fisons had two promising bringing media in the development grapevine: a non-CFC aerosol and a dry-powder inhalator. Indeed, Fisons probably played a function in an addition in gross revenues and cyberspace at R-PR from 1995 to 1996. Year-over-year grosss increased six per centum, to US $ 5.4 billion, and net grew by about one-third, to US $ 473.5 million. In November 1997, when Rhone-Poulenc acquired the staying tierce of R-PR that it did non already ain, Fisons ‘ destiny appeared sealed. Officials at the company ‘s U.S. and U.K. central offices early in 1998 asserted that Fisons no longer existed, either as a group of subordinates or a division. Question-1Discuss the grounds from the instance and the usage of theory, the stakeholder direction by this organisation ; chiefly its booby traps? Answer: Question-2How would you hold handled this state of affairs ; suggestions to be rationalized with strong theoretical underpinning? Answer: Question-3At the clip of John Kerridge ‘s surrender, what strategic options did Patrick Egan have to steer the company back to its old glorification? Answer:

The Deaths of Romeo and Juliet

The Deaths of Romeo And Juliet December 1st , 2010 The Deaths of Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare was the spectacular playwright who wrote Romeo and Juliet. The play is about â€Å"Two star-crossed lovers†, Romeo and Juliet, and how they keep their love a secret because their families are enemies. The forbidden lovers must go through obstacles to be together, and go as far as committing suicide because they are apart. Romeo and Juliet die as a result of Friar Laurence, Lord and Lady Capulet, and the couples own poor decision making. Friar Laurence's actions throughout the play resulted in Romeo and Juliet's deaths. First, Friar Laurence led them to their to death by agreeing to secretly wed them in order to potentially bring the families together. Friar Laurence says to Romeo: â€Å"In one respect I'll thy assistant be,/ for this alliance may so happy prove,/ to turn your households' rancor to pure love (2. 3. 97-99). Friar Laurence should have thought about the outcome before jumping to conclusions because he could have caused the feud between the Capulet's and Montagues' to become even worse. Secondly, Friar Laurence gives Juliet a sleeping potion so that she can be with Romeo. Friar Laurence commands Juliet: â€Å"Take thou this vial, being then in bed,/ and this distilled liquor drink thou off† (4. 1. 93-94). Friar Laurence should have thought of a better way for her to be with Romeo because he is putting both Juliet and his own life in danger. Lastly, the Friar leaves Juliet in the Capulet vault all by herself after she sees her only love dead on the ground. Friar says to Juliet: â€Å"Come, go, good Juliet-[Noise] I dare no longer stay† (5. 3. 9-10). The Friar should have stayed and comforted Juliet instead of being scared and nervous that he will be blamed for the death of Romeo. In the beginning Friar Laurence had tried to help Romeo and Juliet but instead ended up being one of the main reasons for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Lady and Lord Capulet also caused troubles that lead to the death of Romeo and Juliet. Firstly, Lord Capulet threatens Juliet to marry Paris which causes Juliet to seek help from Friar Laurence. Lord Capulet threatens Juliet: â€Å"Hang thee, young baggage! Disobedient wretch! / I tell thee what, get thee to church o' Thursday,/ or never after look me in the face† (3. 5. 160-163). By saying this, Lord Capulet weakened his relationship with Juliet. Lord Capulet should have been more understanding and should have listened to Juliet's reason for why she could not marry Paris, before threatening her. Secondly, the Capulet's hate towards the Montagues' causes Juliet and Romeo to keep their love a secret. Nurse says to Juliet: â€Å"His name is Romeo, and a Montague; the only son of your great enemy† (1. 5. 135-136). The Capulet's should compromise with the Montague, so their families can be happy together. Lastly, there is no communication between Lady Capulet and Juliet. At one point in the play, Lady Capulet wants to talk to Juliet in private but calls the Nurse back for extra support. If Lady Capulet communicated with Juliet she would have known about Juliet's problems. Lady and Lord Capulet tried to be the best parents they could be, but instead they lead their only daughter and her only love into an early grave. Romeo and Juliet choose poor decisions throughout the play that cause their own deaths. Firstly, they decide to get married the first day they meet each other. Juliet asks Romeo: â€Å"Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow† (2. . 144). This was a very poor decision by the couple because they are not truly in love and the only thing they know about each other is that there families are enemies. Secondly, Romeo and Juliet did not communicate with each other. Juliet asks the Nurse: â€Å"O God! Did Romeo's hand shed Tybalt's blood? † (3. 2. 77). Romeo should have told Juliet right away because they are married. If Romeo h ad communicated with Juliet right away she would have known why romeo killed Tybalt, her cousin. Lastly Romeo and Juliet both decide to kill themselves without thinking of other choices. At the end of the story, Romeo drinks a fatal potion because he believes that Juliet is dead, but Juliet was still alive and wakes up to see to Romeo dead on the ground so she stabs herself. They both react very quickly to the situation before thinking about their friends and family; they should have thought about doing something else, like finding a new beauty just like Romeo did in the beginning. Romeo and Juliet loved each other but their poor decision making was a big reason for their death. The deaths of Romeo and Juliet are Friar Laurence, Lord and Lady Capulet, and the couples poor decision making.

I don't have one Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

I don't have one - Research Paper Example For instance, in the manuscript, the narrator (a depressed woman) seems to be suffering from a certain mental disorder. However, it is evident that her position regarding her own health is overlooked. Therefore, in this view, this document will look into Gilman’s short story, and thereby analyze the role of women in the earlier part of the 1800. Most societies, including the developed nations had a negative attitude towards women. This is evidently supported by Gilman’s work. In the 1800, women did not have any rights to express their ideas even in matters regarding their health (physical, as well as psychological). As a result, decision-making process was a preserve of the men, who the women considered superior. In fact, the society expected women to be exceptionally submissive to their husbands, and be an assistant to their husbands instead of complaining about ‘trivial matters’. This is ironical, since the challenges facing the women are not trivial and constitute to their daily sufferings. Moreover, the society overlooks women sufferings as mere pretences. Moreover, Gilman emphasizes that men had the sole responsibility of determining the degree of women sufferings, and thereby determine whether it required attention or not. For instance, the narrator, (the woman) is suffering from an extremely serious nervous disorder. However, the husband ignores this and even claims that she is not sick. Moreover, the society supports this, since it is evident that they (family and associates) also believe in the husband’s perspective concerning the narrator’s health. Besides, despite their predicaments, women are not supposed to complain. Besides, women might have better ideas that might improve the health. Gilman depicts the narrator as having better ways to boost her health. She even claims to disagree with their idea of forbidding her to work, since this might boost her health. However, she cannot put

Which directrion will Cloud Computing take us Essay

Which directrion will Cloud Computing take us - Essay Example One of the themes that have been captured in this section is the threat posed by cloud computing on programming. This study will explore how this happens. The research concludes with lessons for the future and recommendations based on findings in the field of cloud computing. Background Information. Cloud computing is the fastest growing part of Information Technology. It is regarded as the fifth generation of computing after the mainframe, personal computer, client-server computing, and the web. It confers tremendous benefits to customers and users (Bechtolsheim, 2008). Experts have estimated that by the year 2012, the size of cloud computing infrastructure market will rise to $42 billion, up from $billion in 2008 (Bechtolsheim, 2008). This trend is as a result of the high growth rate in cloud spending, six times faster than the traditional IT spending. Stanley, states that public cloud workloads are expected to increase at the rate of 50% in the next three years, twice as the market currently expects (2011). Cloud computing represents a different way to architecture and managing remote computing resources. Its simplicity is evident in that one just needs to open an account with a service provider to start building and providing application systems into a cloud. The increased connectivity and increasing amount of data has led many service providers to employ large infrastructures with dynamic load and access balancing. This explains the reason behind the rapid growth in cloud computing. Service provider have been handing out and reproducing data across servers on demand, thereby improving the utilization of resources. This has enabled web servers to offer accessibility across multiple servers and routes according to the traffic (Jefrey, K. and Lutz, 2010). Cloud computing is not a novelty. It dates back to the 1990s where the ability of active traffic switching to stabilize utilization and to indicate virtualization of telecoms infrastructure became in use. Other data centers employed methods to maintain scalability and reliability in order to ensure the availability o f their hosted data. In the recent times, multiple cloud domains have emerged which explains the reason behind the many definitions and meanings of cloud computing. There are expectations in the industry that cloud model will find further uptake in future as means to manage the infrastructure of providers and provide small units with the capacities of a larger communications beyond their means. Warr (2009) says that big companies have an advantage over smaller ones as they can afford to expand their own data centers, unlike their counterparts who have house their IT infrastructure in someone else’s facility. cloud computing has enabled the development of coloration centers where multiple customers can locate network, server and storage assets, and connect to a wide range of telecommunications and other network service providers with minimum cost and complication (Warr, 2009) There exist various definitions and interpretations of cloud computing/cloud, hence one can only give a representative and not a comprehensive definition of the term (ELC, 2010). Lutz and Jeffrey define cloud as an elastic execution environment involving numerous stakeholders and providing a metered service at several granularities for a particular level of quality. Cloud computing is defined as the active provisioning of IT capabilities-‘hardware, software or services’- from third parties above a network-system (Warr,2009). ELS define it as an outsourcing of IT infrastructures via the internet. It saves the agony of maintaining hardware and software

Carbon Emission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Carbon Emission - Essay Example Some of the activities that take place for the carbon dioxide to be emitted cannot be easily avoided for involve daily essential activities that make the life of a human being complete. Among these activities include, burning fuel to provide warmth during winter, cooking, multivehicle combustion and other industrial activities. The earth’s temperature   has solely increased as a result of carbon dioxide was discovered way back in early 90’s after a series of argument between the parties who could propose and opposes but in the late 60’s they came to an agreement and research on how this gas accumulated commenced Martha 26). â€Å"Global warming is indeed a scam, perpetrated by scientists with vested interests, but in need of crash courses in geology, logic and the philosophy of science†. (Robinson 77). Due to this concerned, environmentalists have linked carbon dioxide as a gradually toxic gas capable of being responsible for the complete destruction of the universe in the future if caution is not taken. It is an air-based pollutant currently responsible for several thousand of mortality cases and introduction of other clinical conditions mostly respiratory (Robinson 77). Hudson (19) asserts that naturally before human being started industrial activities beyond natures control, the latter could regulate its own proportionality of carbon gases and the oxygen. Animals could inhale oxygen gases, and through reparation and decomposition, carbon was relapsed. This carbon having being a raw material for the formation of food by plants was taken from the environment. Unfortunately, because of human activities that have been characterized as an addition of more carbon in the environment and reduction of the necessary plants which could absorb these gases through deforestation. This has therefore, served as the major cause of an imbalance of these two gases proportionality â€Å"With all of the hysteria, all of the fear, all of the phony s cience, could it be that man-made global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people?† (Hudson 19). And goes ahead to explain how the Findings from a research have suggested that, a rough estimate of more than 20,000 deaths in the whole world have been caused by air pollution cases are said to increase as the temperatures in the earth increase by 1 degree Celsius. The study went ahead and proved hoe carbon was correlated by the increment of temperature in the earth and therefore, concluded to be the prime Causer of global warming, and its mortality risk because of the ozone layer development was determined. As compared to the health experts, the environmentalists have blamed the carbon emission for this role played in the negative impacts of the environmental properties and consequently activities with them directly or indirectly involved (Hudson 19). The greatest effect her is abnormal temperature increase, which causes other effects like drying of wa ter bodies and swamps that significantly affects the life of plants and beasts that were initially suited for such weather. On examining and confidently concluding the effect of this environmental threat, governments mostly from the developed countries under different environmental related sectors, have come up with strict regulatory based on controlling the

Critq. of 2 current medical dictionary's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critq. of 2 current medical dictionary's - Essay Example dictionary contains the latest of the medical terms and the definitions provided are quite easy to understand even by layman as they are written in simple English and since many include examples, it becomes easy to correlate the meanings. The definitions are accurate and also include pronunciation phonetics along with singular/plural forms. Abbreviations have been provided so as the definitions do not exceed over pages! Etymologies or word origins of many words have been provided as well, as many of the medical terms have Latin origin, for further understanding and ease of memorizing the word. For example, if we know that â€Å"logy† means study, and â€Å"cardio† means pertaining to heart, then we can understand that cardiology is the study of the heart. Many terms also have certain statements in color, which bring attention of the user to special considerations that ought to be noted during practice. This is especially helpful as they work as tips, and are sometimes n ot even included in textbooks. In addition, a new section containing 100 most frequently prescribed drugs have been compiled. Some of the information is available in tabulated form for better correlation and a methodical approach to certain terms. A great feature of the hardcover edition, the one that I reviewed is that it contains a section containing various diseases along with their symptoms, diagnosis and treatments, which can come very handy for medical students. Another great point about this dictionary is that it prints synonyms for the various medical terms, which are useful for correlating various medical problems. The appendix included information regarding complementary and alternative medicine, prefixes/suffixes. There are more than 700 illustrations and 500 color pictures, according to Amazon, which has given this book a rating of four and a half stars! The illustrations include colored and labeled diagrams, pictures and charts, and are definitely very informative and o f superb quality.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING - Assignment Example Lots of people use the internet to do their research but have never at one point thought of how this web browser operates. This web browser has been in the market and it has been competing harshly with internet explorer. Not every user of Mozilla web browsers achieves the full potential of its services. This report seeks to answer the question, ‘what is Mozilla Firefox and how has it been of help in our daily lives?’ How has end user documentation helped users of this web browser? Mozilla Firefox is used worldwide by scholars, scientists and everyone in general. From the basic uses such as to access an email address for accessing social sites. This means that it is a crucial link between humanity and the internet world. Without web browsers such as Mozilla Firefox, accessing the internet would not be possible. The main objective of this research is to understand Mozilla Firefox better, and the role it plays in the lives of individuals. Consultations with the advisor through email were a key factor in determining the research area. Having internet access is a prerequisite to accessing emails. Email consultations were the backbone of research topic and the research writing was influenced by the ignorance among users of Mozilla Firefox on how they blindly use this service. This explains the need for end user documentation on Mozilla

Performance Analysis Between Told by and Idiots The Horse You Rode In Essay

Performance Analysis Between Told by and Idiots The Horse You Rode In On and Earthfalls The Factory - Essay Example Analysis of a play or a stage show initially demands the nature of its theme and in this point of viewer can make out the theme of political satire in And the Horse Your Rode In On. It is not possible for a viewer or critic to approach the Horse Your Rode In On merely an entertainment and the plays have need of a special attention from the viewer because of its effort of social criticism. In the same way, the dance program entitled The Factory bestows a new theatrical experience for the viewer through its magnificent performance. As a piece of popular theatrical performance, both Told by an Idiot and Eartfall made a unique effort in creating their latest works as a delighting one. It is obvious that And the Horse Your Rode in On captures the attention of its viewers through its theme and unique structure. Unlike And the Horse Your Rode in On, Ear fall’s The Factory marked its greatness through its magnificent movements. Both of them have their own compensations as well limitat ions in designing and performance. Hayley Carmichael and Paul Hunter tackle politics in first time and most of the events in this stage show concerned with politics and related violence. Advocates of the show design the performance of the characters of the show with the presence of number of intersecting narratives which illustrates political events. In this respect Brian Logan observes; â€Å"the show's ostensible subject is "extreme acts of violence and the lengths people will go for their beliefs" (Logan, 2011). Producers of the show effectively used the possibilities of black humor in their play. Director practices variety of performance strategies like mime, singing, one act play, and fart noises. All these techniques help the viewer to justify the intentions of its makers. The image of Conrad’s bomb-carrying anarchist permits the viewer to analyze the existence of armed revolution in modern world. Characters of the play made a conscious effort to create funny moments t hroughout the play and through these funny moments they transformed their criticism. Mat Trueman rightly comments that â€Å"Its outwardly jocular demeanor delights in slapstick and silly voices, but its core is a passionate reflection on revolution drawn out of a pop-cultural mash-up† (Trueman, 2011). The problem of identity crisis and gender issues that affected in modern society are obviously weaved in the play and viewer can hit upon the fact that the honest approach towards its theme is a significant reason for its general acceptance. One can begin the discussion about the performance of the play And the Horse Your Rode in On with a statement that it is not possible for a viewer to come across many occasions which makes much sense. Therefore, it is better for a viewer to watch it without prejudiced mind and stay away from questions about the reason behind it. The great thing is that the conclusion or moral of the play is brilliantly formed through a serious combination o f different stories and the outstanding performance of its actors. The entire play mirrors the inability of common people to have a handle on the real intentions of political parties and also the failure of people to be aware of terrorist’s motivations. The viewers can understand how an individual or a person with good intentions changed into an anarchist or how the lives of victims or revolutionaries changed into a moment of explosive. The great challenge that the performers faced was that the creation of humor in the play. It is evident that the

Follow That Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Follow That Dream - Essay Example The article â€Å"Free to innovate† by Christine Canabou illustrates how one company, the Fallon, experienced substantial changes in its life after being purchased by the global advertising giant Publicis Group SA. Notwithstanding its chairman fears for the employees to be left their â€Å"home† because it was sold out, the company made all possible to prove that its soul was not going to change. And the company showed that by creating a manifesto that called for breakthrough ideas, such as â€Å"to unlock the entrepreneurial hostages within the agency†. New ideas were transformed into a full-blown company initiative- a â€Å"Dream Catchers† that gave employees license to be a little selfish and make their dreams come true sooner. One year after the initiative was launched, hundred staffers achieved their dreams (visited museums, ran with bulls etc.). The acquisition was as a strategic move the target of which was to help to achieve ambitious goals that th e company could not probably achieve on its own. Today Fallon  is a full-service advertising agency with the headquarter in Minneapolis with numerous awards and open marketing boundaries, intranet  with the same companys quirky humor, full-fledged division of interactive consulting group and redesigned  flagship office that brought a new way of working and grouping people. The article shows the overall positive picture of the acquisition and does not show any pitfalls that usually happen within the organization. The acquisition is about a change and it is obvious that the Fallon agency had certain changes in the top team. New arrivals and changes in the administrative efficiencies could not stay unnoticed by the staffers. While top teams work closely on key areas in order to improve them, the other areas may be left inactive. While acquisition offers the possibility for entering new markets and expand the company with its portfolio, some cultural issues may cause problems

Cell phones Essay Example for Free

Cell phones Essay Every time a person answers his/hers cell phone, their safety and the safety of others around them are being greatly jeopardized. Cell Phones today pose a major risk to the human body and civilian population. When cell phones heat up they emit radiation that known to increase the chances of someone getting cancer. Besides cancer, other medical complications; such as, arthritis and damaged sleep have increased thought the use of cellular devices. Not only do cell phones cause medical problems, but they also pose a huge security threat with personal information being easily stolen. Overall, the safety of humans is being compromised by the use of the seemingly harmless device, cell phones. Many doctors and scientists are claiming that cell phones are causing medical complications. For instance, the National Cancer Institute states, â€Å"Cell phones emit radiofrequency energy, a from of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, which can be absorbed by tissues closest to where the phones is held† (â€Å"Cell Phones and Cancer Risk†). What this is basically saying, is that the radiation being put out from the cell phones are damaging vital tissues, which is known to increase the risk of cancer. This links back to the main idea of the overall safety of humans, showing that cell phones do cause a serious risk factor to the human body. Another common concern with cell phones is the theory that texting can cause arthritis; â€Å"Repetitive motion can cause pain and inflammation of the basal joint. It can even lead to thumb arthritis† (Eustice). The article confirms that the constant motion of the thumbs can indeed cause arthritis. The safety of the consumer is being compromised when a popular means of communication; such as texting, can lead to a major medical complication. Recent studies show that headaches are increasing tremendously due to cell phones: â€Å"Radiation from mobile phones damages sleep and cause headaches, according to a study by telephone makers† (carter). In this study, researchers found an increasing amount of headaches were occurring with people who use cell phones regularly; opposed to people who rarely use them or don’t use them at all. An increase in headaches is very dangerous to the safety of the human body and can be a gateway to many other complications down the road. After an extensive amount of research, doctors and scientists have found that cell phones do cause medical issues to the human body. Cell phones security is a fairly new issue brought up by a numerous amount of concerned citizens, with the fear that their safety is being jeopardized. As technology increases, more and more people are resorting to devices, such as cell phones, to get them thought the day: â€Å"The more people rely on cell phones and tablets, the more attractive these devices become as targets to thieves and other nefarious types† (Gahran). With all of these devices being used constantly, crooks can easily retrieve the personal information any personal information any person puts out there through the devices they are using. This has become a huge safety issue due to the fact that private information is being stolen from people who expect their information on their cell phones to be safe and secure. A man was shown an application on his cell phone that could link up to other people’s cell phones: â€Å"’It made all the contacts start jumping over to this phone,’ said Gooden† (Kridler). Gooden explained that the application he was shown let him easily access his wife’s phone contacts. His friend that introduced this application to Gooden then went to explain that hackers usually take the contact information and dial premium-rate numbers. The safety of the people who are in others contact information is being compromised when they have result in paying a fee for â€Å"calling† these premium-rate numbers because of someone else stealing their numbers. Boktah, an expert security hacker, states â€Å"Most people have no idea how vulnerable they are when they use their cellphones† (Murphy). Bokath’s job is to hack into cell phones to find and express all of the flaws in the devices, thus demonstrating how easy it is for a hacker to do the same. With all the scamming going on, consumers need to be aware of what they do on their cell phones to protect themselves, as well as the safety of others. Safety from personal information being stolen by hackers happens to be key concern to numerous amounts of people; this way people will not be liable for paying fees or having their identity stolen. Cell phones safety is a key concern, which the vast majority of users brood over. Cellular devices have been known to cause cancer; as well as, an increasing amount of medical problems. Some of these problems are arthritis and damaged sleep. Medical complications are not the only concern; a breach in security is another top concern for people. In essence, safety is top priority for humans, and cell phones are compromising that safety.

Nurse advocacy

Nurse advocacy Nurses are faced with a lot of issues and dilemma in their work places.   Nurses are committed to deliver services for all persons irrespective of color, background, social or economic status.   They are committed to promote individuals, families, communities and national health goals in the best manner possible according to the code of conduct. Nurses are also involved in ethical, legal and political issues in the delivering of health care. Not all the time the nurses and doctors make decisions about the patients treatment. The patients themselves have the right to decide whether they want the treatment or not.   Nonetheless the duty to promote a patients best interest may conflict with the duty to respect the same patients autonomous wishes concerning treatment.   This can lead to legal issues and the nurses and doctors have to follow the four principles approach.   The four principles is one of most widely used frameworks and offers a broad consideration of medical ethic s issues generally, not just for use in a clinical setting, The four principles are general guides that leave considerable room for judgment in specific cases. (Study Skills Notes) The four principles are: THE RESPECT OF AUTONOMY.   The principle or respect for autonomy entails taking into account and giving consideration to the patients views on his/her treatment regardless of their competent.   This self-rule is limited by the particulars of events that may render some choices to be merely apparent autonomous choices.   An example may be that a persons choices are influenced by illicit drugs, medication, disease processes or just the plain influence of another person.   In some cases people who have been physically or sexually abused sometimes hide the true nature of their abuse or abuser.   However, in this instance respect for autonomy involves not only ‘acknowledging decision-making rights but enabling persons to act automonously.'(Beauchamp and Childress 2001:pg63).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   THE BENEFICENCE means to do good in Latin.   The healthcare professional should act to benefit patient or client.   This principle may clash with the principle of respect for autonomy when the patient makes a decision that the healthcare professional does not think will benefit the patient.   It is clear that the nature of the relationship between health professionals and their patients establishes an obligation of beneficence.   This obligation is frequently referred to as a duty of care.   Ho wever, a duty of care is clearly also influenced by other principles.(Beauchamp and Childress 2001:pg225-275) NON-MALEFICENCE: Do no harm. As a justification for condemning any act which unjustly injures a person or causes them to suffer an otherwise avoidable harm.   For example, if a patient suffers an infection from a bacteria like methicillin (or multidrug)-resistant or MRSA because health care workers fail to take precautions such as properly washing their hands then that would be a breach of principle of non-maleficence.(Beauchamp and Childress 2001:pg225-275)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fourth principle is JUSTICE: is the most difficult and elusive of the four principles.   One of conception of justice is termed ‘distributive justice.   This concerns for instance the just distribution of benefits such as state funded health care.   All distributions conform of justice that equals should be treated equally.   Justice means fairness not postcode lottery.   Each member of society, irrespective of wealth or position, should have access to healthcare.   However only those of health care that achieve or have priority. Such as emergency care or treatment for acute phases of illness or perhaps preventative health measures, education may be included in state-funded health care but purely cosmetic surgery or artificial fertilization treatments may not be included. (Beauchamp and Childress 2001:pg225-275) Like in this ladys case a 76 year old named Betty suffers from a continuous intestinal obstruction following a bowel perforation resection which means (a broken or burst bowel).   She has been chrormically unwell for a long time and has had recurrent chest infections and sepsis.   She has been admitted to intensive care on at least four occasions in the past year.   On each occasion, despite predictions to the contrary, she has been well enough to return home.   She was admitted again for the fifth time to intensive for an operation prior to another laparotomy.   This time she had heard enough so she refused treatment.   They then transferred her to an ordinary ward for nursing care with instructions for the nursing staff that she is to be kept comfortable but is not for further active treatment.   But Bettys daughter who is a doctor and lives abroad flown in and was adamant that everything possible should be done for her mother.   She asks for her mum to be returned to intensive care and be given the treatment.   Bettys son who lives locally and has been her main carer said his mother has been through enough and does not want her to have any further active intervention.   Thats when the four principles come in.   Betty has to be assessed to see whether she is competent then maybe persuade her to rethink if that doesnt work they just have to respect her wishes.   If Betty lacks capacity her views about the care she receives are important in determining her best interests.   The clinician may feel that he/she is not acting beneficently towards his/her patient if he/she allows her to die for lack of treatment.   With all that involve there will be tension between beneficence and non-maleficence in such a case.   Bettys son views are also important because he has been there for his mum regarding her wishes.   In Bettys case the law a competent person refusing treatment to put it in writing and witnessed.   The Act enables a person when competent to appoint a proxy to take healthcare decisions for her when she loses capacity.   This can be done through a Lasting Power of Attorney, a formal document that must be lodged with the Court of Protection. (Ethic education resource pack: Ethic and the vulnerable patient Ethox Centre 2005) According to the Nursing and Midwifery Councils Advocacy and Autonomy.   Every patient has the right to make their own decisions regarding their health care.   As a registered nurse, midwife or specialist community public health nurse, have to respect the patient or client as an individual.   Advocacy is concerned with promoting and protecting the interests of patients and clients, many of whom may be vulnerable and incapable of protecting their own interests.   They may lack the support of family and friends. (NMC Advocacy and Automomy).

Cognitive Dissonance Theory Essay -- Essays Papers

Cognitive Dissonance Theory Leon Festinger shared his brilliance with the world when he, opposing all previous psychological behaviorist work, created the Cognitive Dissonance Theory. In his own words, he quickly sums up this quite complex theory: "If you change a person’s behavior, his thoughts and feelings will change to minimize the dissonance" (Groenveld, 1999, p.1). In order to decode this dense statement, we must first be aware that Festinger held to be true that humans have a deep abiding need in their psyche to be consistent in our attitudes and behaviors; we want to feel in agreement and unified in thought and action. Inner harmony sounds good to everyone, and so it was Festinger’s view that when we feel a disharmony, or dissonance, within ourselves, between two factors, we strive to decrease this tension by either changing our original thought, giving strength to the opposing thought, or letting go of the behavior. All three techniques are in the name of decreasing dissonance because it is threatening to experience such a large crack in our rationale that dissonance often creates. Say I realized the college I am attending is not offering me the classes I’m interested in. I am feeling a post-decision dissonance, now that I’ve chosen my school, within myself due to this logical inconsistency: I value a college that offers classes interesting to me. I am not attending a college that offers classes interesting to me. I really want to work it out because otherwise I feel scattered like a "schizophrenic" as Festinger put it. Since my belief and behavior conflict, I seek to eliminate and reconcile the difference by choosing one of three paths (TIP:Theories, 1999): 1. I can devalue my belief and say, "Classes ar... ...ns that women find they love guys that use or abuse them, which is an unhealthy extreme of the minimal justification theory. It happens very frequently in college. References Griffin, E. (1997). A first look at communication theory. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Groenveld, J. (1999). Totalism & group dynamics [online]. Available: http://www.crl.com/~tzimon/General/cult_tot.html . Kearsley, G.(1999). Cognitive dissonance. Theory into Practice (TIP) Database [online] Available: http://www.gwu.edu/~tip/festinge.htm. Neilands, T. (1995 Dec). The time course of the self-concept threat reduction process among low and high self-esteem individuals (dissertation). [Online]. Available: http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~neilands/psych/research/bigd/ch6.htm. Trenholm, S. & Jensen, A. (1996). Interpersonal communication. New York: Wadworth Publishing Company.

censorhf The Banning of Huckleberry Finn Essays -- Adventures Huckleb

No Justification for the Banning of Huckleberry Finn Columnist James J. Kilpatrick wrote that Huck Finn is "a fun book for white boys to read. For black children, I have come to realize, it is a brutal slap in the face." He condemns the book because of its use of the word "nigger." Many school districts have banned this book for the same reason. Since the Civil War, racism has been a very delicate issue with the American public. Whereas some people have tried to transgress this issue, pretending that race no longer plays a significant role in our country, other people still believe that there are serious racial dilemmas in the United States. I am one these people. However, unlike some, I do not believe this problem can be solved by avoiding or sugarcoating the issue of race, as James L. Kilpatrick and several schools appear to be doing. In the novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain presents an adventure story filled with deeper meanings and controversial topics, two in particular being slavery and racism. Despite the usage of the word "nigger" and the stereotypical portrayal of African Americans, I do not think schools have any justification in banning this book from reading lists. Mark Twain wrote Huck Finn during the Reconstruction period in the south, at a time when most Americans wanted to forget all about the institution of slavery and its consequences. However, Twain set the time period of this novel prior to the Civil War when slavery was at its peak. Thus, the racist views he included in the book mirrored the attitudes of most southerners ... ...acist attitudes prevalent in South at this time. For all those school administrators who say that the language and ideology of Twain’s writing is offensive, well, maybe Twain wanted to offend people with this novel. Maybe he wanted to offend them so much that they would come to the realization that individuals should not conform to society’s standards, one of these standards being slavery. Until someone is offended, status quo doesn’t change. Maybe it’s about time that we remove the blindfold from our nation’s youth and stop trying to be politically correct. Maybe it’s about time that kids are exposed to the true horror of racism and prejudice so to detour them from repeating fatal mistakes. High school students are neither naïve nor stupid; they can handle the contents of this novel, and hopefully, learn from Twain’s messages.

Multiple Sclerosis Essay -- essays research papers

Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a disease of the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. Both have nerve fibers that are wrapped in a myelin sheath. In MS, the myelin sheath becomes inflamed and gradually is destroyed. With the destruction of the myelin sheath comes an array of symptoms that may include numbness or tingling, balance problems, weakness, muscle spasms, and blurred vision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anyone can develop MS, but many patients share the following characteristics. The majority experiences their first symptoms between ages 20 and 40. Caucasians are more than twice as likely as other races to develop MS. MS is two to three times more common in women as in men. MS is five times more common in temperate climates like those of the northern US, Canada, and Europe. And people whose close relatives have MS are more susceptible to developing the disease, but there is no evidence the disease is directly inherited.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No single test detects MS, which makes it difficult to diagnose. Symptoms can mimic those of a number of other conditions and they can change depending on the area of the central nervous system that loses myelin. Some symptoms of MS are numbness or tingling in parts of the body, usually an arm or leg, unexplained weakness, dizziness, and fatigue, and blurry vision, double vision or blindness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To diagnose the disease, healthcare providers...

Addiction Counselors

Bowers, M. 2000). Young people and problem drug use : The role of attachment theory and family background. (Order No. Lull 35553, University of Leister (United Kingdom)). PACT – I-J & Ireland, Retrieved from http://search. Protest. Com/deceive/ 301 (301 545184). The findings show that the young people with drug use problems differed from the control group in that they emphasized the positive consequences of drug use and were more likely to leave school early. However, there was an absence of a direct relationship between family and related.Researches have been looking around efferent gender and match that the cases decrease among years, since there is an empty attach between family members. This research was based on different family experiences. Skillet, S. K. (2002). Causal attributions for problem drinking: Gender differences and predictors of therapeutic outcome. (Order No. Lull 58572, University of Leister (United Kingdom)). PACT – I-J & Ireland, Retrieved from htt p://search. Protest. Com/ (301 562982). Researchers at the Retrieved had identified a number of obstacles to treatment of late life depression.Based on their thesis consists of two studies to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured approach by primary care and community services to the identification and management of depression among older people. Phase One was a validation study of the short Geriatric Depression Scale as part of an annual over-75 health check by the practice nurse. Based on actual results the community services has increase among the age. Newborn, J. (2000). Dieters' experience of craving thoughts: The role of appraisal and thought control in dysfunctional eating behavior and emotional distress. (Order No. 13135627, University of Leister (United Kingdom)).PACT – I-J & Ireland, Retrieved from http://search. Protest. Com/deceive/301 545231 ? Accounted=35796. (301 545231). According to the Univac of Leister studies have shown that food cravings are a common place experience in the general population and ordinarily, are not associated with emotional distress or a lack of behavioral control. As a matter of fact some people with disordered eating, food cravings can be associated with significant distress and are implicated as a contributory factor in binge eating. So based on their recent advances in cognitive theory, I disagree since every person who crave food is eased on their state on mind.It really depends on every situation based on their needs. Reborn, L. C. (2002). Gender differences in body image dissatisfaction, eating disturbance and perception of media imagery in pre-adolescent children. (Order No. 13163247, University of Leister (United Kingdom)). PACT – I-J & Ireland, Retrieved from http://search. Protest. Com/deceive/301 554753? Accounted=35796. (301 554753). This study was to examine gender differences in body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating and drive for muscularity in pre-adolescent children based on the Edie facts.One hundred and ninety one children aged between nine and ten years participated in the study, and more than a half were or feel unhappy with their bodies. However, their expression of body image dissatisfaction differed, in that most girls wished for a thinner body shape, whereas the boys were equally split between those who wished to be thinner and those who wished to be larger. There were no gender differences in levels of eating disturbance. Researchers were inspired and extent their research based on the answers and numbers of this study.

Music and Literature Essay

Music and literature have played an important role in our community and society since not only humans but the earth was born. It’s still a great mystery as to who invented or made music first. But first of all we shouldn’t focus as to when was music made but should see that what actually music is? How to define music has long been the subject of debate; philosophers, musicians, and, more recently, various social and natural scientists have argued about what constitutes music. The definition has varied through history, in different regions, and within societies. Definitions vary as music, like art, is a subjectively perceived phenomenon. Its definition has been tackled by philosophers of art, lexicographers, composers, music critics, musicians, linguists, sociologists, and neurologists. Music may be defined according to various criteria including organization, pleasantness, intent, social construction, perceptual processes and engagement, universal aspects or family resemblances, and through contrast or negative definition. Music is sometime said to be a branch of literature. Now the question stands that what is literature? Literature is the body of all written works; the collected creative writing of a nation, people, group, or culture; all the papers, treatises, etc. published in academic journals on a particular subject. Its particularly hard to understand but in simple words literature means a piece of work written deeply form the or whatever your experiences and brain say and to put that experience and the work of brain into a piece of writing. Literature comes from the Latin word literra meaning a piece of writing. Literature has many branches like narrative stories, novels, poems and etc. Music is also a famous branch of literature. There are many music lovers found all over the world. Music is further separated into many other branches e.g. jazz, pop and etc. Music has been with us since the start of our beautiful earth.

Personal Statements Essay

Thinking about humanity nowadays and people’s preoccupations made me realize the huge impact that crimes and criminal justice have on their decisions and the way they receive and react at the details and information about a crime. Television news, newspapers and magazines, they all speak about crimes, unsolved criminal problems or strange disappearances. The world’s evolution, its issues have pushed societies nowadays to extreme gestures to escape from poverty problems. Why do people commit crimes? How much crime is there committed around us? Which would be the profile of a criminal and which would be his or her characteristics? Moreover, how could these crimes is stopped? I have been attracted to criminology since the early age of just 12. I was watching Discovery channel series like â€Å"Deadly women†, â€Å"Life of a crime†, â€Å"Most evil† and I was fascinated by the way those people were investigating and solving those crimes helped by only some fragile and minor details. As time passed by, I realized that this was my hobby and so I started thinking how I could develop my skills for a career in criminology. I thought that if I entered an exact sciences high school profile, I would constantly keep my mind focused, as subjects like mathematics or informatics enlarge your vision. As criminology implies psychology, I was and I am still interested in this fascinating subject. I will always be interested in discovering the characteristics of human nature. I had contact for the first time with Psychology in the second year of high school. I also read very interesting books about psychology and criminology such as â€Å"Psychology and Crime Myths and reality†, by Peter Ainsworth, â€Å"Criminology†, by John Conklin, etc, describing its characteristics and feeding my curiosity. I have discovered myself a lot of skills after reading those books and this was an extra reason for me to attend to a Criminology course. Besides criminology, I also like IT (information technology). As technology occupies a significant part of our lives, I thought it would be helpful to certificate my skills: I obtained my OCP certificate for ORACLE sql database course; I attended the ECDL (European Computer Driving Licence) courses from where I got a diploma as a complete operator of the Microsoft Office package. At present, I am attending the ORACLE pl_sql programming course which I am going to finalise in May 2009 and obtain my certificate. Even though I have been focusing on my ambitious plans and my future, I haven’t forgotten the ones that weren’t so lucky when speaking about family’s kindness and warmth. So, I was involved myself in volunteer projects every Christmas and Easter. The volunteer action is called National Strategy â€Å"The Community Action†. In present, I intended a new strategy to help the mentally or physically affected children at the â€Å"Orizont† Center in my town, Constanta. In my opinion, abandoning you own child is a crime and if he or she has a handicap it is ten times worse. As I am a very active person, I also took part to a lot of extracurricular activities, like: general-knowledge quizzes, chemistry contests where I have participated with the project â€Å"Water crystals. Crystal therapy† and gained two prizes, I am part of the high school volleyball team with which I won a lot of regional and national competitions, I had a job as an IT operator for introducing and validating dates within the POL-RENAV company, etc. Considering the fact that criminology is my hobby (terrorism, youth crimes, homicide, violence in crimes), it would be the perfect course for me to study and improve at university. Studying the behavior of criminals or investigating their crimes will always create a challenging future and an interesting one, having always something new to learn. As a personal conviction, criminology is maybe the most complex job that one could want: it involves mental strength, devotion and 100% interest for this field. 2. For a number of years I have had more than a passing interest in Criminology, Psychology and Sociology; in particular Criminal Psychology, Neuropsychology, the nature versus nurture debate and the Criminal Justice System. Additionally, I hold equal interest in the research, both past and present, undertaken to develop theories and concepts in the Social Science fields. I would now like to pursue these interests at a higher academic level with the hope, upon completion of my study, to gain employment whereby I could effectively utilise the skills and knowledge I had obtained, possibly in the research field. The reasons behind my late entry into higher education are primarily due to immaturity and lack of direction. Throughout my teens and early twenties my life was unconventional; this is where I believe my interest in the working of the human mind and sociological influences stem from. I have reflected on the contributing factors that led me to make the choices I made during my adole scent years. For me this raises the question of whether the underlying causes were biological or socially influenced or even a mixture of the two. Over the years I have matured and gained a sense of direction regarding what I would like to do. In 1999, I decided I wanted to contribute to my local community by doing some form of voluntary work, in particular with those who suffer from mental health problems. I became a befriended through Hilling don Mind. A befrienderÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s role is to support a person who is feeling isolated from the community. Every week I would visit my friend and sit and chat and lend an ear, we would also enjoy trips out into the community. I enjoyed my 12 months working as a befriended; I found it a humbling, fulfilling and rewarding experience. Sadly I had to make the difficult decision to leave the Hilling don Mind Befriending Scheme in the later part of 2000 due to unforeseen increased family and work commitments. In early 2006, I made the decision to return to education. As I had not been in full time education for 21 years, I chose to ease myself back into the system by studying a Horticulture course part time over a period of 2 years. I completed this course in July 2008 passing with 6 straight Distinctions at level 2; completing this course was the catalyst to further my education it gave me the confidence required to progress further. In September 2008, I enrolled on an Access to Psychology and Social Studies course and an additional GCSE Moths course at level 2. I am finding my current course both exciting and thought provoking and am enjoying life as a student immensely. My hopes are that on completion of both these courses I will have acquired a solid foundation of Social Sciences and the skills required to study at University. Throughout my life I have experienced a variety of roles within the work force including care work, administrative roles, production line work and voluntary research work for several websites. I have raised my two daughters, 5 & 17, almost single handed for the last 8 years; the eldest of which is in her final year of a levels and is currently in the process of applying to universities. For a number of years I have successfully maintained 2 Allotments, although they require a great deal of physical work I find growing my own produce extremely satisfying. Additionally, I enjoy listening to a variety of music and reading, in particular non-fictional crime. I manage my ongoing commitments to my children, education and allotments extremely well, indicative of conviction, dedication and good time management skills. Law with Criminology Personal Statement Social development within the country is based around the well-structured judicial system; however, this fundamental principle is not true for all countries and therefore permits shocking injustices to be carried out on the most vulnerable members of a society. It is from this that I believe my interest in Law stems. I am a keen, ambitious, diligent student and always strive to reach the best I can in whatever I do. Studying A levels in Business Studies, English Language and Biology gives me broad knowledge of different topics from which I have acquired many valuable skills that I believe can assist my studies in Law. Business Studies has been particularly useful when developing my understanding of the financial world and ever-changing business laws. Applying and examining bureaucracy and red tape to set case studies, has encouraged me to research further into the world of consumer rights and explore what is acceptable and not. I have enjoyed studying Biology and having to work close ly as a team when completing practical experiments with precision. English Language has given me the opportunity to analyse written texts which will be an advantage when studying cases and having to pick out key information. Studying AS Psychology has encouraged me to examine how criminal minds work and whether particular events from earlier years of life can have an effect. Recently, I attended a Foundation Degree Law Course where the idea was to become a â€Å"Lawyer for the week† and develop the learning skills required for University. During the week I had ‘hands on’ experience and undertook many legal practices such as taking witness statements and drafting statements of case. I found the course thoroughly enjoyable, particularly offering legal advice, and it helped me to realise how Law influences everyday decisions and activities. I have contributed too many different aspects of school life ranging from playing in successful musical concerts to becoming a senior student as a Year 8 mentor for which I had to attend two peer mediation courses. From this I learnt how to enhance my listening skills and empathise with those around me, offering reliable advice at the same time. I believe this would assist me when recommending legal advice to clientele. Along with a small group of other students, I am currently helping to set up a Committee to improve Sixth Form Life. Although this is to be carried out alongside my lessons, it helps me to plan my time well who benefits my studies when completing coursework and other various set tasks. The Young Enterprise Scheme, where it was our job to set up a company and assign ourselves roles within it, was a good insight into having to work as a team and understand business laws. I was chosen as the company secretary as I had the organizational skills which were necessary, this meant I had to work closely with the Managing Director to discuss issues and then make sure that every employee understood the tasks set. This developed my interpersonal skills as I had to liaise between staff, students and visitors from external companies. Personal well being is something I value and so participate regularly in exercise, giving me a sense of achievement when I overcome a certain obstacle or beat a personnel target. At school, this reflects my self discipline approach to studying. I have had to institute a system of time management alongside my education as I work part-time twice a week at South Deep Cafe. Working there for three years has, primarily, made me particularly approachable, as I have learnt many valuable customer relation skills, but has also reflected my trustworthiness and commitment especially when training other employees. As an enthusiastic, well-rounded, dedicated student, I feel I have the attributes and genuine passion needed to succeed on a Law Course, and look forward to the many challenges and aspects of life at University. Law and Criminology/Sociology Personal Statement From a young age, I have been fascinated by law and was thrilled at the possibility of studying it at A-Level. In August 2007, I was able to spend two weeks working at Naves Solicitors in Lupton. Most of my time was spent in the Conveyancing department, where Andrew Orriss, a partner in the firm, taught me how to draw up commercial leases and business contracts, and about buying, selling and renting residential properties. I most enjoyed meeting clients and discussing their cases. I found that moving house many times as a child enabled me to be sympathetic and relate to the clients. My time at Neves has made me more intent on pursuing a career in the law, as I liked the work and fitted in well with the staff. I believe my current studies of Law, English Language and History complement each other well and would give me an advantage at university, as they have furthered my strong reading and writing abilities, and taught me to be more logical and investigative. I also took Religious Studies at AS-level as I like learning about other peoples’ beliefs, and it helped me to become more open-minded. I enjoy getting involved with activities in my Sixth Form, such as planning the Summer Ball in Year 12. I was chosen by our Deputy Head Girl to take the minutes for the meetings and email them to the other committee members, and my minutes were commended by my Head of Year. I was also asked to assist with the Sixth Form Induction Evening. My duties involved welcoming prospective students and their parents, handing out prospectuses, and talking to them about my own experiences of Sixth Form. In Year 13, I was chosen as a History subject mentor to help struggling Year 12 students, and I also helped out on a trip to Germany with students in years 7 to 9. Outside of school, my hobbies include photography, bass guitar, and writing. In 2006, I came second in a BBC writing competition for young people in Northamptonshire. Having grown up in France, I am bilingual, and my next challenge is to write a short story in French. I also have a part-time job at McDonald’s, which has taught me about working with others, as well as coping with pressure. One of the crucial parts of my job is ensuring that customers are satisfied, and occasionally dealing with complaints. I believe the people skills I have gained from McDonald’s will help me in other aspects of my life. I regularly attend my local church and Christian youth group. In July 2007, I had the opportunity to go to Kosovo for a fortnight with other members of the youth group. Our aim was to help widows and orphans affected by the Yugoslav Civil War and the ethnic cleansing of Kosovans in 1999. We redecorated homes and schools, ran children’s clubs, distributed aid, and visited a Roma gypsy camp. It was a very profound and moving experience, and one I hope to repeat at some point in the future. This is the reason for my deferred entry to university. I plan to spend a few months fundraising, and then return to Kosovo for the remainder of the year to continue the work we started there. I believe that I am a confident and enthusiastic person who would benefit greatly from studying at university. I am passionate about the law and would like to have a career as a lawyer. I also have a keen sense of justice and an interest in Sociology and Criminology and would consider working with the Prison Service or the CPS. I think that studying Law at university would help me make the best possible use of my analytical and writing skills, and that a career in Law would satisfy my need to help.

According to Maslow’s hierarchy Essay

1. According to Maslow’s hierarchy, which basic needs does the Patagonia culture meet? What would it be like to work at Patagonia? (Hint: Go to Patagonia’s website and find the section on jobs.) What’s your assessment of the company’s work environment? (20 points) Maslow’s hierarchy consists of five basic needs, self-actualization, esteem, social, safety, and physiological. Patagonia culture meets many standards promising that their products are produced under safe, fair, legal, and humane working conditions throughout the supply chain (Patagonia, 2014). Patagonia offers all of the needs of Maslow’s theory, making employees comfortable at their job; This Company cares about their employees offering childcare, organic meals, recreational activities, and more. Working at Patagonia would be a great place, where the company encourages celebrations and activities to boost the employee’s moral. Patagonia is known for having loyal employees b ecause of how the managers treat them having communication deadlines, expectations, and including employees in figuring out the best way to meet needs. I believe that this work environment is successful because of how it is managed and the way the employees are treated. 2. Use the expectancy theory and/or the equity theory of motivation to explain how feeling underpaid might affect the work of a Patagonia associate and what a manager can do to increase the employee’s motivation. (20 points) Expectancy theory states that a person’s behavior is influenced by the expected outcomes. In this case, low pay would lead the person to feel like no matter what they did, their efforts would not be rewarded with expected pay raises or bonuses. The employees that are underpaid often just show up and do what they have to do, nothing more because they feel their efforts are not appreciated or in some cases known. To increase motivation, acknowledging a job well done, special efforts, or anything the employee tries and does should be part of the routine. Also, making pay comparable to work, offering bonuses or rewards would also help motivation. 3. What do you think might be Patagonia’s biggest challenge in keeping employees motivated? If you were managing a team of Patagonia employees in the retail stores, how would you keep them motivated? (20 points) I believe Patagonia’s biggest challenge in keeping employees motivated is the pay. Pay is one of the biggest motiv ations for employees especially a competitive pay. Employees need to be acknowledged and feel like they are a part of a team. If I were managing Patagonia, IÂ  would have quarterly bonuses for employees that exceed expectations, coming to work on time, going above and beyond for the business. I would also do an employee of the month, with rewards that could help motivate my employees. It is important to keep your employees engaged and informed when running a business. I would include my employees on decisions that need to be made, having my employees involved because they are the ones that work with the merchandise and customers. I want to treat my employees fairly making them comfortable working for me. References Working With Factories. (2014, January 1). Retrieved October 12, 2014, from http://www.patagonia.com/us/patagonia.go?assetid=67583

Cash Flow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cash Flow - Essay Example It (comparison) also identifies the differences in timing between cash payments and expenses. Through the direct method of cash flows, reconciliation of the actual cash flows from operating activities with the accrual-based accounting net income can be done. The company’s stated profitability and its cash holding position is therefore clearly presented to its stakeholders in this manner. The indirect method of cash-flow preparation requires a well-established link between the balance sheet and the income statement. The statement users are therefore, able to systematically and logically view the company’s financial statements. The company’s current assets and liabilities reflected on the balance sheet are easily traced back to its operations summarized in the income statement. The use of indirect method makes it possible to disclose the company’s non-cash transactions. The statement users are therefore, in a better position to understand how non-cash transactions are not sources of cash flows but factors of net income. Direct method is an alternative to the indirect method of cash flows. The company’s cash payments and receipts with detailed categories are disclosed separately when using the direct method. Such a practice can make the financial statement to appear clustered. Auditors also tend to ask for an additional reconciliation schedule on cash flows and income from company’s using direct method. However, accounting rule-setting authorities allows companies to use indirect method by disclosing, in a simpler statement format, changes in current assets and liabilities. As a CFO I would prefer the indirect statement of cash flows method. The indirect method starts by identifying the companys net income or loss. Subsequently, any non-cash expenses, such as depreciation, amortization, loss provision for accounts receivable and any losses on the sale of a

Electronic Health Records in the UK Research Paper

Electronic Health Records in the UK - Research Paper Example This is in part informed on the fact policy debates are fueled by bogus, self-defeating attitudes. One of such thinking is that the United States is incapable of affording to cover the uninsured, when in real sense a synchronized monetary system is the chief instrument for cutting cost down, and there relatively inexpensive ways to do it. Even more, the biggest viewpoint, seized by many medical specialists, is that they would be unable to find more authority than they have before now under commercial managed care. Nevertheless, health care systems elsewhere grant medical specialists superior institutional muscle (James, 2005). In the fall of June 1941, a British civil servant, radio personality and educator Sir William Beveridge was requested to execute social modernization after World War II. He had previously worked as a civil servant whereby he interacted with the impoverished in the East of London. At this time, Beveridge observed the numerous paradoxical, biased programs for une mployment, housing, child support, amid other programs run by various departments under conflicting doctrines. As a result, Sir William Beveridge concluded that the only crucial approach was to deal with all the programs at once, in a manner that would form affiliations among the individual and state. The Beveridge account Social Insurance and Allied Services, advocated for all-inclusive health care as an element of a postwar government grand plan endorsing employment, housing, education and social security. However the Beveridge preparation provided just a preface and faltering sketch, it recognized an important vision and became an instant success. The Beveridge report for tax-based state health service as a communal good provided a rudimentary alternative to the existing Bismarck plan of National Health Service (Polly, 2003). Waiting records are a universal pressure valve in numerous systems that cut back on far too much spending. In the National Health System, the standard waiti ng time for discretionary hospital-based care is 46 days. The distinction by social status in seeking services, and admittance are nominal by international standards, though more affluent people are always adept at maneuvering any public service. The British system has been privileged to have private sector for the rich who want faster and plusher optional care. This quarter clinical value is not superior by a margin of 9 percent. The formulated policies favor a duplicative coverage for voluntary dealings for which medical professionals charge very abnormal fees. Private care is intense in the larger London quarter and other cities. Currently, all private admittance and day cases total more than 2%. The world and International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization have played a crucial role in the transformation of British Health sector (Scott, Randall & Vogt 2007). The existing design for the new NHS by the current British government is even more determined than the transf ormation shaped by Margaret Thatcher. The NHS was largely criticized as no longer affordable and or sustainable. Restraining it to an emergency and benefit service would have been glaringly politically practicable and would have been received well by the public-private joint venture premises of

Influences of communism in Amerian culture Essay

Influences of communism in Amerian culture - Essay Example But the question is whether these two authors were committed to uphold communist ideals. Also in a round-about way, the question can be asked whether they were aware of Marxist’s influence on their works, or they continued writing the texts to uphold life as it is, while being indifferent to communist ideals. Since commitment to a particular political ideology is the violation of an artist’s commitment to the artistic portrayal of life as it is, the presence of communist themes in Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† and Odets’ appears to be a simple coincidence. Therefore it does not necessarily mean that these pieces of literature would not have been possible without the work of Marx, â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†, but communist zeal happens to construct the major themes of the texts. Reflections of Communist Ideals: Coincidence or Commitment? Indeed â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† and â€Å"Waiting for Lefty† are the fictional forms of Marx’s â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†. ... Throughout the whole novel, Tom develops from an exploited and passive migrant proletarian to an active communist whose finalized decision is to â€Å"point out and bring to the front the common interests of the entire proletariat† (Marx and Engels 68). According to â€Å"the Communist Manifesto†, this goal is one of the two criteria that distinguish a communist from other proletarians. Transformation from Oppressed Proletariat to an Ideal Communist With the progress of the novel, â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath†, the readers are provided with the scopes of being prepared to embrace the central character’s transformation towards communist ideals. In the beginning of the novel, the readers simply become introduced with miseries and distresses of a working class family that migrates from Oklahoma to California with a hope for better living. The readers experience the struggles of a proletariat’s world through Joads family and Tom is still an outsider in the world of communism. Meanwhile the emotional plot for allowing the readers to experience the growth of the working class parties is prepared. Also at the same time, the readers experience the conflicts between the workers and the labor-exploiter Bourgeois class. At this point the workers -to some extent, the readers also- feel helpless and desperately the need of being organized in the face of mightier Bourgeoisies. Thus at the death of Jim Casey, Tom fills up his position as a self-committed communist. Unlike Steinbeck’s attempt to uphold the individual transformation towards communism, Odets shows collective or class transformation. Through flat and simplistic characterizations he tries to say where there is class-oppression and class-exploitation in a

Gender Roles and its Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender Roles and its Effect - Essay Example The gender roles as defined by society therefore fail to pay attention to such groups who identify themselves as intersexual and transgender. Intersexual are individuals having male/female anatomical characteristics that deviate from the normal while transgender are those that identify with or express their gender identity through a gender that does not correspond to the sex at birth. In a society where a lot focus is placed on this gender binary, these individuals with characteristics that do not neatly fit the clear-cut male/female dichotomy face similar problems as socially constructed gender roles fail to accommodate them. Perceptions and judgments people hold about others are generally informed by social norms, which consequently leads to them gravitating to individuals that are least hostile to a society’s norms. To perceive and understand reality, people rely on senses, intellect and generally, held social constructs which makes them able to label certain objects and co ncepts. For example, a man is differentiated from a woman according to gender roles and behaviors that have been assigned to genders and are expected of them. Individuals who posses’ characteristics and behaviors regarded as ‘masculine’ by the society are identified as man, and vice versa. There is a complexity when individuals who do not identify themselves within the constraints of this gender binary fail to fit into the male/female duality. In her article, Judith Butler explains that through intelligibility, humans are able to recognize other humans based on â€Å"normal† human social and physical characteristics that are defined by the society. ... at a definable gender is necessary for understanding someone to be human, people hold dominant gender perceptions, which dictate that intersexed persons must conform to either male or female gender roles. Butler rather subverts gender roles, as she asserts that â€Å"justice is not only or exclusively a matter of how persons are treated or how societies are constituted. It also concerns consequential decisions about what a person is, and what social norms must be honored and expressed for ‘personhood’ to become allocated† (Butler, 58). She goes out of the norm to define justice not in terms of law but as the capacity to overlook the social norms that define an individual’s self-worth. According to her, justice is defined by the decisions held by a particular society in defining what it considers ‘human’. These include the accepted appearance, characteristics and behaviors of an individual. Individuals who portray characteristics and behaviors t hat deviate from what the society considers as the ‘normal’, their identity is questioned. A quandary arises since perceptions held by a society are not flexible to change for accommodation of such individuals, rather it is expected of the individuals to readjust and conform to the predefined gender roles. Gender roles are acquired through socialization whereby a society trains individuals to conform and practice certain values and behaviors. Judith Lorber states that, â€Å"gender construction start with assignment to a sex category on the basis of what the genitalia look like at birth†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..a sex category becomes a gender status through naming dress and the use of other gender markers† when a child is born as sex is assigned to the child depending on the anatomical characteristics in particular the sex organs. As